Authors
R.N. McGill, J.M. Storey, R.M. Wagner, D. Irick, P. Aakko, M.
Westerholm, N.O. Nylund, M. Lappi
Publication
SAE
Paper 2003-01-1866, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2003
Abstract
Because of
the great interest in biodiesel fuels around the world, the
International Energy Agency's Committee on Advanced Motor Fuels
sponsored this project to determine emissions and performance of a
number of biodiesel fuels with a special emphasis on unregulated
emissions. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Technical Research
Centre in Finland (VTT) carried out the project with complementary work
plans. Several different engines were used between the two sites, and
in some cases emissions control catalysts were used, both at ORNL and at
VTT. ORNL concentrated on light and medium duty engines, while VTT
emphasized a heavy-duty engine and also used a light duty car as a test
bed. Common fuels between the two sites for these tests were rape
methyl ester in 30% blend and neat, soy methyl ester in 30% blend and
neat, used vegetable oil methyl ester (UVOME) in 30% blend, and the
Swedish environmental class 1 reformulated diesel (RFD). ORNL used ASTM
2D diesel as baseline, while VTT used EN 590 (European diesel) as the
base. VTT also tested a blend of 30% UVOME with RFD. Steady state test
cycles were used for all engines and fuels except for the light duty
vehicle, which was tested on a chassis dynamometer using the US FTP 75
test. Results are presented for regulated emissions as well as for
aldehydes and composition of particulate matter, and polyaromatic
hydrocarbons. VTT also produced results of Ames tests on the
mutagenicity of samples of particulate matter. Generally, the biodiesel
fuels had higher NOx emissions but lower values of HC, CO,
and particulates. Unregulated emissions varied greatly between fuels
and engines.
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